Runtime Class for Android

Runtime Class for Android

Porting the JRebel standard core to Android has some major challenges. For example, the service component has to know the full class path up front to enable processing of all classes before they are sent to the device. Also, given the fact that system classes in general cannot be altered before loading, means that all of the hooks for handling reflection, serialization, dynamic proxies, hiding JRebel artifacts from the stacktrace to name a few, cannot be installed. For this reason JRebel.Android instead injects client-side hooks to method calls to specific methods within system classes, enabling enhanced behavior. This is quite effective, but works only when called from application classes and the set of libraries, for which the service component must also locate each one for installing the said client-side hooks. In the past decade more advanced class reloading capabilities have been proposed and to a large extent adopted by the Java community. Leading the pack currently is the commercial redeployment tool JRebel [8], which were recently enhanced with the capabilities brought in by the technology developed for Javeleon, [6]. DCEVM constitutes a completely different approach to class reloading in Java in the sense that it operates at the JVM-level enhancing the current HotSwap mechanism to allow arbitrary changes to code at runtime. Unfortunately, it does not work on all JVM’s and moreover requires the user to patch the JDK installation. In addition, DCEVM has no support for the Android platform whatsoever. To the best of our knowledge the only tool that does have some class reloading support for Android is Insta Reloader, [7]. It supports adding/removing method, fields and classes, but it does not support changes to constructors as JRebel.Android does. Also, the Reflection API is not properly supported meaning that synthetically added members will show up in ntrospection results, and new members cannot be found through reflection at all. Insta Reloader has some support for reloading resources, but from simple tests notable issues were observed. Also, in contrast to JRebel.Android, Insta Reloader leaves generated artifacts inside the Android manifest file, which will pollute production code
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JRebel.Android has two components – agent running on an Android device and service running on the host (developer’s machine). The primary responsibility of the service component is to watch for changes in the classes and resources directories. Upon finding changes to files the service component prepares them for later reloads by transforming the bytecode according to JRebel’s inner workings and sends them to the agent, telling the agent to perform a reload task. Whenever the agent component receives the files from the service component, it triggers the runtime reloading operation, thus making the offline changes that were picked up by the service component active on the device. The tool is designed with ease of use in mind, so the only required input parameter for the service is the root directory of an Android project. Given this directory the service component automatically locates the Android manifest file, class and resource directories as well as any external libraries and project dependencies. Typically one of two build systems are used when developing Android applications, that being Ant or Gradle. JRebel.Android supports both layouts, and there is even support for some custom project layouts built-in. The first time the service component is started for a given target Android project, it utilizes the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), [3] connection to install the agent as part of the existing Android application. For all subsequent runs, having an ADB connection available is optional. The only requirement thereafter is that the agent is either reachable by ADB or through the network somehow. Again, this is a clear sign of the ease-of-use design principle taken for JRebel.Android, given that it is not always be desirable to test Android applications on physical devices using cables, if the nature of the application requires the user to e.g. move around, or rotate the device a lot. Every time the service component starts up it transforms the bytecode of all classes, prepares resources and sends them to the agent now installed on the device. Upon receiving the preprocessed files the agent component restarts the underlying application now using the reload-enabled files. In order to make reload operations fast, the service component only processes changed files, meaning that the files sent to the agent component for reloads are small.
Initialize the connection and perform verification of the specific agent version expected by the service. Keep-alive – keep an idle connection to detect disconnection. In case of disconnects and later reconnects, the ‘Report’ command is used, in order to determine if the current state of the agent complies with that of the service. Load – send initial instrumented application package and restart the application using it. Add-metadata – send metadata about classes to enable reloading. Reload – send the new classes/resources and activate them. Report – the service requests the state of the agent to determine if they are in sync. If yes, the service starts watching for file changes. If not, the service will restart. To reload resources of an Android application we replace the original resource loading logic with our own. We keep primitive values in our own memory-based registry and load XML files from a custom directory. On service side if any resource is changed we scan the files to update this registry. We also use the registry to resolve all references to those values in the XML files. Finally, we compile the resource files using the aapt-tool and send the files along with the serialized registry data to the agent. The agent then just updates the local registry and files. To refresh the UI state we also recreate the current activity.

In this section we report on the redeploy times of Android application development on the chosen sample applications with and without JRebel.Android. The redeploy time without JRebel.Android is measured from the time where the developer presses the run button in the IDE, which triggers reinstallation on the device. For these experiments a Google Nexus 5 phone was used. The redeploy time with JRebel.Android is the time taken from when the tool detects a class file change (using OS file system notifications) until the change is reflected on the device. The tool automatically writes this time to system output during normal operation. Table 1. shows the measured redeploy times. All numbers are simple averages based on at least 10 samples. Numbers were very similar for each sample, so improving the statistic validity of the measurements had a low priority for this paper.

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A Rescue System of an Advanced Ambulance Using Prioritized Traffic Switching

Ambulance Mobile App

A Rescue System of an Advanced Ambulance Using Prioritized Traffic Switching

Traffic congestion and tidal flow management are two major problems in modern urban areas which lead to road accident and loss of life. To implement this, we introduce Automatic Ambulance Rescue System (AARS). The main idea behind this scheme is ambulance can reach smoothly to hospital in time, by mechanically controlling traffic lights in path. The ambulance is controlled by control unit which gives the shortest path for reaching hospital and controls traffic lights. The sensor senses the spot and the nearest ambulance reaches the accident spot. The traffic lights in the path of the ambulance are controlled. Code Shoppy The ambulance is guided to hospital by server through shortest route. The vehicle unit installed in vehicle senses the accident and sends the location of the accident to the main server in the ambulance section. The main server finds the ambulance, nearest to the accident spot and also shortest path between ambulance, accident spot and nearest hospital.

A design for automatically controlling traffic signals so that ambulance would be able to cross all traffic junctions without waiting. In vehicle section, vibration sensor monitors the speed and if it is over speed, alert will be produced and automatically speed will be reduced. For rash driving, we have placed MEMS sensor. Once MEMS gets tilted, message will be sent through GSM with location. Once receiving the message, ambulance will arrive to the particular section. The display unit in ambulance section is used for driver’s reference. It will show the names and distances of the nearest hospitals so that ambulance can reach hospital as soon as possible. The signal section receives the signal from ambulance section and signal comes to green automatically. It helps ambulance to reach hospital without any traffic problem. A.Vehicle Section In Vehicle Section, all the equipments are connected to microcontroller. The Piezoelectric sensor is used as vibration sensor to measure flex, touch, vibration and shock. Piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses piezoelectric effect to measure changes in acceleration, pressure, temperature, strain or force by converting them to an electric charge. Sensor based on piezoelectric effect can operate from transverse, longitudinal, shear forces and are insensitive to electric field and electromagnetic radiation. This piezoelectric sensor measures dynamic pressure which includes blast, ballistics and engine combustion under varying condition. An electronic amplifier is an electronic device that increases power of a signal and converts alternating current into direct current. Here, we have used Microcontroller ARM7 for this vehicle section. ARM7 is a group of older 32-bit ARM processor. ARM is a family of instruction set architecture for computer processor based on a reduced instruction set computing. A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processor requires significantly fewer transistors. LPC2148 is the widely used IC from ARM7 family which we have used in vehicle section. It is pre-loaded with many inbuilt peripherals making it more efficient. Power supply, crystal oscillator, reset circuit, UART are the minimum listed hardware needed for LPC2148. It works on 3.3V power supply, transformer is used to step down 230V AC to 9V AC supply and provide isolation between power grid and circuit. Rectifier in LPC2148 is used to convert AC supply into DC and regulator is used to regulate DC supply output, reset button is essential to avoid programming pitfalls and provide clock for RTC operation. LPC2148 has inbuilt ISP which means we can program it within the system using serial communication on COM0. Indicator indicates through buzzer whether accident has occurred. The buzzer produces sound when accident occurs.
MEMS sensor used for this project is one of the most promising technologies for 21st century. It is an enabling technology for pressure and acceleration sensors. MEMS-based sensors provide an interface that can sense and process. They are a class of devices which makes small mechanical and electrical components on a single chip. They are crucial components in hard disk drives, automotive electronics, computer peripherals, wireless devices, medical equipment and smart mobile electronic devices such as PDAs and cell phones. The benefits of MEMS are high performance, miniaturization, integration, low power and low cost. GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a widely used digital mobile telephony system. GSM uses time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The sensor installed in the vehicle unit senses the accident and GPS tracks the location of the accident. Through GSM, it sends the location of the accident to the ambulance section [13]. The buzzer produces sound when accident occurs. The central unit finds the ambulance, nearest to the accident spot and also the shortest path between the location of the accident, ambulance and the nearest hospital. The ambulance crosses all the traffic junctions by automatically controlling the traffic signals and reaches the nearest hospital. Here, wireless technologies are used to transfer information. B. Ambulance Section In Ambulance Section, we used PIC microcontroller. The serial number of the IC is 16F877A. This section consists of crystal oscillator, power circuit and serial communication. 9V input supply is given and the operating voltage is 5V. The crystal oscillator is used to work according to the frequency change. In a PIC microcontroller, there are totally 40 pins and 5 ports; port A to port E. PIC is a family of modified architecture microcontrollers. The name PIC initially referred to Peripheral Interface Controller. The MAX232 is an IC, which converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. Here, it is used for the purpose of serial communication. It is a dual driver/receiver. The display unit is for the purpose of driver’s reference. An encoder is a device, transducer, circuit, algorithm, software program, or person, which converts data from one format or code to another, for the purposes of speed, standardization, security, secrecy or compressions. Here, the encoder converts the serial data into parallel data because the controller performs only serial functions and wireless is parallel communication. The RF transmitter consists of switches, the signal changes according to it [14]. An RF module is an electronic device used to transmit or receive radio signals between two devices. It is often preferable to communicate with other device wirelessly in an embedded system. The wireless communication may be performed through optical communication or RF communication. The choice is RF for many applications as it does not require line of sight. RF communications use a transmitter or receiver. C. Signal Section In Signal Section, the functions of the microcontroller section are same as in the ambulance section. Here, we used reader device, decoder unit and signal indicator. The reader device receives the data which the RF transmitter sends from the ambulance section. Any device may act as a reader that can display text on a screen. A decoder is a device that performs the reverse operation of an encoder. To recover the original information, it undoes the encoding. Normally, the same method which is used to encode is reversed to decode. It is a combinational circuit that converts binary information. Here, the decoder unit converts the parallel data into serial data and sends it to the microcontroller section. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measures the power present in a radio signal which is received. RSSI is a radio receiver technology metric, which is normally invisible to the user of the device which consists of receiver, but is directly known to users of wireless networking. The output of RSSI is a DC analog level. The ambulance unit is the transmitter and each signal is the receiver. When the data is transmitted to the receiver, the signal comes to green automatically [15]. The decoder converts the data from parallel to serial because the controller knows only serial language. In this way, this system helps the ambulance to reach the emergency site and then to hospital without time delay so that intensive care can be given to the patient in the golden hour and many lives can be saved.

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Several Issues on Establishment of Computer Application Management System for College Physical Education

College Management System Project

Several Issues on Establishment of Computer Application Management System for College Physical Education

The development of computer technology and the information technology have had a far-reaching impact on human society. We have already entered the information age with the completion of the information superhighway and the establishment of e-education network, which will certainly influence our traditional education in all over the last hundreds of years. We must fully understand the drawbacks of the traditional education and management and then use modern information and computer technology to change them in an educational revolution [1].

SEVERAL ISSUES ON IMPLEMENTATION THE SYSTEM FORCOLLEGE SPORTS
A. Leaders in Computer Applications for College Sports This work should be done by the main leaders in Department of Physical Education and other experienced, senior teachers. Their main responsibilities are to develop plans of computer applications, implementation, financing, staff and training, and find solutions to the real problems. B. Multi-level Training Programs Sports management needs a rational multi-level knowledge, and intelligence groups. From the figure 2, we can see that from the development and long-term perspective, college sports have to do a good job in the management of computer applications, all types of knowledge, and reasonable intellectual structure of the group. Therefore, attention must be paid to these aspects: Attention should be paid to cultivate high, intermediate staff in charge of system development and daily maintenance and optimization of the systems among all the computer software personnel. Attention should be paid to cultivate the operators.

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As a senior staff, one should acquire the necessary skills to meet the requirements of the daily information input. As a “marginal” program, at the same time of the development of the staff in the above-mentioned categories, leaders should also pay attention to traininthem with the necessary skills in accordance with their level of hardware, software and knowledge and sports knowledge, only in this way could they gradually develop themselves into the staff with different levels talent in both two-discipline areas. ance the Secondary Development of the Software the computer application for sports in colleges and volved in more and more pWe should be aware of the possibility of developing oucomputer management skills to meet the requirements of the secondary development which will enhance the maintainability, flexibility and portability of the software [7]
The develosoci ty. We have already entered the informatione completion of the information superhighway anblishment of e-education network, which will certainly influence our traditional education in all over the last hundreds of years. This article illustrates college sports management system and its characteristics, and also put forward some issues on implementation of college sports computer application management system. Meanwhile, the author presents his ideas on the application of computer management according to the trend of development in colleges’ managements. We must fully understand the drawbacks of the traditional education and management and then use modern information and computer technology to change them in an educational revolution. Code Shoppy

Study on the Centralization Strategy of the Blood Allocation among Different Departments within a Hospital

Hospital Management System Project

Study on the Centralization Strategy of the Blood Allocation among Different Departments within a Hospital

The blood inventory management methods focus either onblood bank or on hospitals. For instance, Keilson andSeidmann [5] mainly studied on the single perishable inventorysystem of the blood bank and established the formulas for thewastage rate, the shortage rate and the average age of issues inthe blood bank under the first-in-first-out policy in 1990. AndNahmias [3] proposed a novel model about perishableinventory of blood bank management based on single systemof blood bank as well. Code Shoppy Zhou et al. [1] and Prastacos [4] studiedsingle level inventory models for perishable items in hospitalonly.

And in 2009, Song and Zipkin [6] studied the optimalinventory stocks in the blood supply chain which utilizedregular replenishment and expedited replenishment, focusingon hospital as a single system. https://codeshoppy.com/shop/product/hospital-management-mobile-app/ Furthermore, there are a fewstudies that researched the two echelon inventory system. In2014, Abbasi and Seidmann [7] built a model obtained theoptimal distribution policies of the two echelon supply chainconsisting of the blood bank and hospital. What’s more,Zahra Hosseinifard and Babak Abbasi [8] proposed the novelmethods on the traditional two echelon blood supply chaininventory management by centralizing the inventory of severalhospitals that are close proximity from each other under oneblood bank in 2016, which is the only research that consideredthe centralization of the blood inventory among hospitals in atwo echelon system with stochastic replenishment andperishable items to the best of our knowledge. There areplentiful researches related to the optimal policies on how tomanage the inventory and allocation between hospital andblood center. However, we have not found researches focusingon the allocation among departments within a hospital.The integer programming models for blood inventorymanagement were developed by Jacobs in 1984 [9]. Jacobsbuilt two integer programming models to provide insights intothe current scheduling activities of blood collections anddistributions. The integer programming models worked out theoptimal policies on how to allocate blood items from the bloodbank to the hospitals, as well as the setting of blood productsinventory. Ghandforoush and Sen [10] raised a model with theobjective of minimizing total system cost containingproduction, transportation, testing and matching in a regionalblood center in 2010. Besides, in 2015 Serkan Gunpinar [2]and Grisselle Centeno developed an integer programmingmodel aiming at minimizing both total operational cost andtotal risk function. From then on, there are a large amount ofmodels incorporate different characteristics of blood supplychain and indicate variety of objective functions and solvingmethods.By far, we have not found researches on how to distributeblood products among different departments in hospital, thoughthe problem of blood shortage and wastage that caused byimproper blood allocation is severe. In this essay, weinvestigate the allocation approach with the novel managementmethod by centralizing the inventory of several differentdepartments, by which the shortage of blood in somedepartments could be supplied by the wastage in otherdepartments. Furthermore, we develop an integer programmingmodel aiming at minimizing the total cost, constituted ofshortage cost and wastage cost to work out the optimalinventory and allocation methods of blood products.
Minimizing both wastage and shortage as well as reducingthe age of blood items are targets of blood inventorymanagement. In this research, we reshuffled the construction ofblood inventory by centralizing some departments’ blooddemand and built a model to work out the optimal bloodallocation network scheme. Our work has an effective impacton the total cost and the performance measures. The result ofnumerical study revealed that the inventory centralizationreduces the shortage and the wastage in hospital remarkably.And to some extent, it assures the freshness of blood. In thisessay, we attained the optimal blood allocation networkscheme and the optimal inventory setting for every departments.Studying the methods of integrating the blood inventoryrequirements of some departments in hospital and consideringthe priority in blood distribution inside the centralized groupare recommended for future research.

Algorithm For Efficient Seating Plan For Exam System

Algorithm For Efficient Seating Plan For Exam System

Exam seat allocation is one of the major concerns in quality education. With the increasing number of students, subjects, departments and rooms, exam seat management becomes complex. Maintaining a decent exam environment with the proper seating arrangement is one of the difficult jobs for authority. This research offers solution for exam seating arrangement problems that can be achieved through the sequential execution of three proposed algorithms. This research offers a solution for preventing some exam hall cheating by arranging seats for large students and it also finds out the best combination of rooms to be assigned for the exam to organize perfect seating based on the room orientation and size, number of students, differentiation of subjects. To do this research, we have collected data and methods from a university those are being used for their exam seating arrangement. By using university exam information we test our algorithms. It provides better seating plan then the manual system used by the university.

METHODOLOGY

A.System Description

In this research, we are going to offer a model and some algorithm to solve exam seating problem. Our proposed system is applicable for I shape seat allocation system. The system needs two types of data as input, Room information and Exam information. The total number of students must have to be less than or equal to the total seats. For offering an optimum seating solution we followed some steps. These steps will be followed for each slot of examination.

Step 1: Two types of data sets are needed for exam seating, one is room information having room id, size of columns and rows; another is exam information with subject id and number of students. By processing room and exam information it will calculate total number of seats and students. Finally it will calculate the number of extra seats available after seating.

Step 2: When the amount of extra seats is greater than any room capacity, then it may possible of having one or more extra room. In this step it will search those rooms, which will be kept empty at the time of exam.

Step 3: Our main concept is to distribute column to the subject so at first it needs to calculate the number of columns and the capacity or number of rows for each column. To prevent copying from other it tries to ensure at least one column distance among students having same query set. That is why it will also calculate maximum usable column and its capacity for any subject.

Step 4: Then it will allot columns to the subjects. By using a combination of column size (row) we can ascertain the set of columns which will be assigned to subjects. After that it will provide a set of columns for each subject. In best case extra seats are not required, but in worst case it may require to assign some extra seats to subject for getting a set of column for exam seating.

Step 5: We have subject having different column size and number. We have also room identity which is represented by column number and row number as column size. So the common attribute is column size. By using this it assigns room and column number to the subject by maintaining one column distance between the columns having the same subject. After completing the column and room distribution it will provide a complete seating solution for the exam.

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